"IQ" tests of some kind have been in use for over 2000 years. For example, a kind of Civil Service exam was used in China for centuries to select who could be a public servant. There is something I recall in the bible about a military leader bringing the army to a river to drink. The leader watched and classified his men; the ones who put their faces down in the water were to be soldiers, and the ones who cupped the water in their hands to drink (and who thus could watch for an attack as they drank) were to be captains.
Intelligence as a construct is problematic for four reasons:
What is Intelligence? There are conflicting data and views on what it is, especially as our technology improves and provides newer and better information
How Do We Use Intelligence? There are conflicting uses of our understanding of it, based in part on not agreeing on what it is, but based in part on not agreeing to what to do with it even when we do agree on what it is.
What Value is Intelligence? There are conflicting values placed on its importance in life, which leads to the next point.
What Recommendations Stem from Intelligence? There are conflicting conclusions drawn regarding for society's response, or whether it should respond at all.