Bender and Koppitz Norms
Name:____________________
Date:  ____________________

Figure A
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Distortion (flattened, square missing a corner, disproportionate sizes)
Norms
Age
5
5.5
6
6.5
7
7.5
8
8.5
9
9.5
10
10.5

Errors
13.6
9.8
8.4
6.4
4.8
4.7
3.7
2.5
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.5
 
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Rotation (part or whole over 45° ²)
 
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Integration (failure to join, or overlap greater than 1/8 inch)

Figure 1
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Distortion (dots into circles¹)
 
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Rotation (part or whole over 45° ²)
 
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Perseveration (more than 15 dots)

Figure 2
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Rotation (part or whole over 45° ²)
 
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Integration (row omitted or added, use of Figure 1 to make Figure 2)
 
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Perseveration (more than 14 columns of circles)

Figure 3
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Distortion (5 or more dots into circles¹)
 
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Rotation (part or whole over 45° ²)
 
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Integration (arrowhead shape lost or reversed, same number dots in each row, line or dash instead of dots)

Figure 4
_______
Rotation (part or whole over 45° ²)
 
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Integration (curve and corner more than 1/8 inch apart)

Figure 5
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Distortion (5 or more dots into circles¹)
 
_______
Rotation (part or whole over 45° ²)
 
_______
Integration (shape lost, straight line or circle instead of arc, extension cuts through arc; square or point instead of arc is not scored)

Figure 6
_______
Distortion (3 or more distinct angles for curves, or no curves)
 
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Integration (2 lines don't cross, cross at extreme end of one or both, or just two wavy overlapping lines)
 
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Perseveration (6 or more "up bumps" on either line)

Figure 7
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Distortion (one hexagon twice the size of the other, extra or missing angle in one or both hexagons)
 
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Rotation (part or whole over 45° ²; both drawn straight up is an error)
 
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Integration (hexagons do not overlap, overlap excessively, or one penetrates through the other; both straight up & side by side is an error)

Figure 8
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Distortion (hexagon or diamond excessively misshapen, extra or missing angles, or diamond missing)
 
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Rotation (part or whole over 45° ²)
 
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Total

¹ do not count big dots, partially filled circles, and dashes
² count as error even if card is rotated and design is drawn correctly; do not count as error if paper os rotated to make a space for the design