Clinical Supervision

Finkelstein and Tuckman, PP:RP 28(1), 92-95
Seven Stages of Supervision
  
1) Learning the Basics of Test Administration and Scoring
This entails classes and scoring exercises. They advise being wary of student anxiety and keep in mind that the assessment skill is never completely mastered

2) Generating Primary Inferences
This involves the supervisor thinking out-loud, noting patterns in the data, and integrating contradictions in the data to model how the student does it. They advise wary of idealization and pessimism by the supervisee, and add that "boilerplate" and "cookbook" approaches to conceptualization are normal

3) From Outline to the Written Word
This involves integrating the data into a picture of a real person, writing with clarity and purpose, and learning to give verbal feedback. They note sometimes supervisees feel some "ownership" of the conceptualization results, and can have their feelings hurt when the supervisor says, "Well, no, not really" to their ideas.

4) Internalizing Diagnostic Norms ("what is normal?")
This is more an issue of exposure to varied types of cases and experience, and requires some trust in the supervisor.

5) Autonomy with Consultation
This is more an issue of breadth of experience, not depth of skill. Tricky cases still come up that your supervisor will know better how to handle, even though normally you may feel OK with your work.

6) Striking Off on One's Own
Functioning independently may be complicated by growing pains, self-doubts, fears of dependency and independence, along with professional development issues.

7) Passing the Torch
The cycle ends when the supervisee becomes a supervisor. Believe me, you understand skills at a whole new level when you have to explain it to someone else.
I would add from my own grad school experiences…

Supervisors Function at Three Levels
1) Teachers of Skills
What can you predict from an IQ of…? How do you make sense of a Zd of +7? How else could you have handled this situation? What's the data on…

2) Quality Control Supervisors
Did you follow up on this with the client? Did you ask about…? How are you handling this kind of client on a personal level? It's hard to be empathic with this kind of person…

3) Mentors
After a time, you might find a supervisor asks some personal questions with some sharing in return, and discusses some of the "being" of a psychologist as opposed to the "doing" of psychology, and further issues like professional development, professional relationships, burnout and workload management, and even romantic relationships in your life may become part of supervision, as well as discussions of developments in the field…